Bilbao in Spain has been producing iron for centuries, drawing in workers from all over the country. Its rapid industrialisation in the nineteenth century was helped in no llittle measure by British capital and entrepreneurship. Ships carried Welsh coal to Spain and brought back Spanish pig-iron for the steelworks of South Wales. By 1985, it was all over. But the rise, heyday and demise of the Bilbao iron industry has been forever fixed in oils, water colours and bronze.
In this lecture I first show how iron is made into steel; I illustrate the machinery involved and explain the processes used. I then introduce you to the evocative paintings which have recorded this industry in its various stages and you are then able to understand what you are looking at and recognise the activity depicted.
(A lecture with Powerpoint slides)